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    ASH - Abrahamic Study Hall
    ASH - Abrahamic Study Hall
    • Abrahamic Study Hall
    • Holy Scriptures
      • Hebrew Canon
      • Christian Canon
      • Islamic Canon
      • Apocryphal
    • Studies by topics
    • e-Learning
      • Theology & Philosophy
      • History & Politic
      • Languages & Literature
      • PDF & MP3
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      Contents Hide Table of Contents
      Timeline
      Biblical Times
      Second Temple Period
      Roman rule
      Foreign Domination
      Byzantine rule
      Arab rule
      Crusader domination
      Mamluk rule
      Ottoman rule
      British rule
      State of Israel
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      Timeline

       

      17th-6th C. BCE

      Biblical Times

       
      c.17th century BCE
       
      Abraham, Isaac, Jacob – patriarchs of the Jewish people and bearers of a belief in One GOD – settle in the present-day Land of Israel.
      Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt.
      c.13th century BCE
      Exodus from Egypt: Moses leads the Israelites from Egypt, followed by 40 years of wandering in the desert.
      The Torah (GOD’s Law), including the Ten Commandments, received at Mount Sinai.
      13th-12th
      centuries BCE
      Israelites settle in the Promised Land
      c. 1020 BCE
      Jewish monarchy established; Saul, first king.
      c. 1000 BCE
      Jerusalem becomes the capital of the kingdom of David, the second king of Israel after Saul.
      c. 960 BCE
      Construction of the First Holy Temple, the national and spiritual center of the Jewish people, built in Jerusalem by King Solomon (third king and son of David).
      c. 930 BCE
      The Kingdom is divided:
      Judah: in the South, including the territory of the tribe of Judah, the territory of the tribe of Simeon (disappeared and absorbed by the other two) and most of the tribe of Benjamin, as well as numerous members of the tribe of Levi)
      Israel: in the North of the Holy Land, composed of most of the tribes
      722-720 BCE
      Israel defeated by the Assyrians; 10 tribes are exiled (The Ten Lost Tribes).
      586 BCE
      Judah conquered by Babylon; Jerusalem and the First Holy Temple destroyed; most Jews exiled.

      Second Temple Period

      538-142 BCE
      Persian and Hellenistic periods
      538-515 BCE
      Many Jews return from Babylon; the Holy Temple is rebuilt.
      332 BCE
      Holy Land is conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.
      166-160 BCE
      Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple
      142-129 BCE
      Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.
      129-63 BCE
      Jewish independence under Hasmonean monarchy.
      63 BCE
      Jerusalem captured by Roman general Pompey.
       
      63 BCE-313
      CE

      Roman rule

      63-4 BCE Herod, Roman vassal king, rules the Land of Israel;
      Temple in Jerusalem refurbished

      (CE – The Common Era)
      c. 20-33 CE
      Ministry of the Rabbi Jesus the Nazarene
      66 CE
      Jewish revolt against the Romans
      70 CE
      Destruction of Jerusalem and Second Temple.
      73 CE
      Last stand of Jews at Masada.
      132-135 CE
      Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.
      c. 210 CE
      Codification of Jewish oral law (Mishna) completed.
       

      Foreign Domination

      313-636 CE

      Byzantine rule

      c. 390 CE
      Commentary on the Mishna (Jerusalem Talmud) completed.
      614 CE
      Persian invasion
       
      636-1099 CE

      Arab rule

      691 CE
      On site of First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik.
       
      1099-1291 CE

      Crusader domination

      (Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

       
      1291-1516 CE

      Mamluk rule

       
      1517-1917 CE

      Ottoman rule

      1564 CE
      Code of Jewish law (Shulhan Arukh) published.
      1860 CE
      First neighborhood built outside walls of Jerusalem’s Old City.
      1882-1903 CE
      First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia.
      1897 CE
      First Zionist Congress convened by Theodor Herzl in Basel, Switzerland; Zionist Organization founded.
      1904-14 CE
      Second Aliya, mainly from Russia and Poland.
      1909 CE
      First kibbutz, Degania, and first modern all-Jewish city, Tel Aviv, founded.
      1917 CE
      400 years of Ottoman rule ended by British conquest;
      British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges support for establishment of a “Jewish national home in Palestine”
       
      1918-48 CE

      British rule

      1919-23 CE
      Third Aliya, mainly from Russia
      1920 CE
      Histadrut (General Federation of Labor) and Haganah (Jewish defense organization) founded.
      Vaad Leumi (National Council) set up by Jewish community (Yishuv).
      1921 CE
      First moshav (cooperative village), Nahalal, founded.
      1922 CE
      Britain granted Mandate for Palestine by League of Nations; Transjordan set up on three-fourths of the area, leaving one fourth for the Jewish national home.
      Jewish Agency representing Jewish community vis-a-vis Mandate authorities set up.
      1924 CE
      Technion, first institute of technology, founded in Haifa.
      1924-32 CE
      Fourth Aliya, mainly from Poland.
      1925 CE
      Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened on Mount Scopus.
      1929 CE
      The Hebron Massacre refers to the killing of sixty-seven or sixty-nine Jews on August 24, 1929 in Hebron, then part of Mandate Palestine, by Arabs incited to violence by rumors that Jews were planning to take control of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
      1931 CE
      Etzel foundation of the Jewish underground organization.
      1933-39 CE
      Fifth Aliya, mainly from Germany.
      1936-39 CE
      Anti-Jewish riots instigated by Arab terrorists.
      1939 CE
      Jewish immigration severely limited by British White Paper.
      1939-45 CE
      World War II; Shoah in Europe.
      1941 CE
      Lehi underground movement formed; Palmach, strike force of Haganah, set up.
      1944 CE
      Jewish Brigade formed as part of British forces.
      1947 CE
      UN proposes the establishment of Arab and Jewish states in the Land.
       

      State of Israel

      1948 CE
      End of British Mandate (14 May)
      State of Israel proclaimed (14 May).
      Israel invaded by five Arab states (15 May).
      Israel Defense Forces (IDF) established.
      War of Independence (May 1948-July 1949).
      1949 CE
      Armistice agreements signed with Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.
      Jerusalem divided under Israeli and Jordanian rule.
      First Knesset (parliament) elected.
      Israel admitted to United Nations as 59th member.
      1948-52 CE
      Mass immigration from Europe and Arab countries.
      1956 CE
      Sinai Campaign
      1962 CE
      Adolf Eichmann tried and executed in Israel for his part in the Holocaust.
      1964 CE
      National Water Carrier completed, bringing water from Lake Kinneret in the north to the semi-arid south.
      1967 CE
      Six-Day War; Jerusalem reunited.
      1968-70 CE
      Egypt’s War of Attrition against Israel
      1973 CE
      Yom Kippur War
      1975 CE
      Israel becomes an associate member of the European Common Market.
      1977 CE
      Likud forms government after Knesset elections, end of 30 years of Labor rule.
      Visit of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to Jerusalem.
      1978 CE
      Camp David Accords include framework for comprehensive peace in the Middle East and proposal for Palestinian self-government.
      1979 CE
      Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty signed.
      Prime Minister Menachem Begin and President Anwar Sadat awarded Nobel Peace Prize.
      1981 CE
      Israel Air Force destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor just before it is to become operative.
      1982 CE
      Israel’s three-stage withdrawal from Sinai Peninsula completed.
      Operation Peace for Galilee removes  Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) terrorists from Lebanon.
      1984 CE
      National unity government (Likud and Labor) formed after elections.
      Operation Moses, immigration of Jews from Ethiopia.
      1985 CE
      Free Trade Agreement signed with United States.
      1987 CE
      Widespread violence (Intifada) starts in Israeli-administered areas.
      1988 CE
      Likud government wins elections.
      1989 CE
      Four-point peace initiative proposed by Israel.
      Start of mass immigration of Jews from former Soviet Union.
      1991 CE
      Israel attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles during Gulf war.
      Middle East peace conference convened in Madrid;
      Operation Solomon, airlift of Jews from Ethiopia.
      1992 CE
      Diplomatic relations established with China and India.
      New government headed by Yitzhak Rabin of Labor Party.
      1993 CE
      Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements for the Palestinians signed by Israel and PLO, as representative of the Palestinian people (Oslo Accords).
      1994 CE
      Implementation of Palestinian self-government in Gaza Strip and Jericho area.
      Full diplomatic relations with the Holy See.
      Morocco and Tunisia interest offices set up.
      Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty signed.
      Rabin, Peres, Arafat awarded Nobel Peace Prize.
      1995 CE
      Broadened Palestinian self-government implemented in West Bank and Gaza Strip; Palestinian Council elected.
      Prime Minister Rabin assassinated at peace rally.
      Shimon Peres becomes prime minister.

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