
The Revolution that makes Europe shaking: Who are and what they want the French yellow vest
All of Europe fears a great popular revolution, and France is the first big alarm bell for the European System now in great crisis.
The Brexit was one of the first signs of this malaise of the low and middle class that, since the entry of the single European currency, have now joined in malaise and in the monetary and social crisis.
In Italy and in others European Countries, on the other hand, people are getting ready for the holidays, they think about football and betting, but when the burden on top the workers shoulders will be to heavy, maybe for many people will be to late to try to stand up again.
Without any clear direction or signal, the crowd starts moving, chanting slogans, insulting president Emmanuel Macron. We move forward without knowing where we were going, what we were looking for, or what to do. Our yellow vests are a symbol of grievance, demand, encouragement. They speak of an out-of-touch president, of those who gorge themselves on the country’s wealth, and of the few euros that remain in the hands of a nurse, a soldier, or shopkeeper. Confronted by the police vans and their helmeted troops, protestors chant “You too, are treated like dogs, you deserve better too.”
But as the police prevent the march from reaching city hall, frustration mounts. “Dirty rats, look at the cop, the dirty scab, he wanted to put on a yellow vest! Come on then, friend, come on!” Everyone mocks one small man, a supposed undercover cop, who slinks away.
When a gap opens in one blockade, the crowd streams through to the city center. Shoppers scatter at the Galeries Lafayette department store, the luxury boutiques, and the Place de la Libération, as the Marseillaise echoes on the storefronts. The day has finally begun. “Macron, resign! Macron, resignation!” the Yellow Vests shout. The march has swelled with people from all walks of life, intoxicated with their own power and the mulled wine sold along the street. Six thousand people are here, regional television will later report.
When we return again to the metal barricade that blocks access to the city hall, it is early evening. The police have gathered their vans and troops. One of them, speaking into a megaphone, asks the crowd to disperse. Some respond with projectiles. Tear gas begins to rain from the sky, and the people retreat, their eyes full of tears, before rushing in again with more songs, slogans and projectiles. Tear gas rains down again. And so on.
President Emmanuel Macron’s attempt to quell violent rioting across France by offering economic concessions to his countrymen — expected to cost the country $11 billion — appears to have been insufficient. Leaders of the “Yellow Vest” protest movement indicated Tuesday that Macron’s offers were not enough, as hundreds of students staged a “Black Tuesday” of protests over Macron’s education policies and voiced solidarity with the Yellow Vests.
Macron took to the national airwaves to address the spiraling crisis for the first time on Monday. He announced an increase in the minimum wage, tax cuts for retirees and other concessions aimed at calming the streets.
But CBS News correspondent Charlie D’Agata reported on Tuesday morning from Paris that another day of Saturday demonstrations — the mass-protests which have been seized upon by extremists of all stripes for four weeks in a row — still appeared on the cards.
A leader of the Yellow Vest movement indicated that the demonstrations would go ahead. Christophe Chalencon, a blacksmith from southern France who has become a leader of the protest movement, told the Reuters news agency that Macron’s peace offering was not enough.
The crisis began as protests against a planned fuel tax hike (which Macron has abandoned), but quickly mushroomed into a broad and visceral demonstration of anti-government resentment aimed squarely at the president, who is seen by many as being out of touch with the working French.
“Black Tuesday” for student protesters
The Yellow Shirt movement gained new support on Tuesday from another group of French citizens angry over changes brought in by Macron’s government: students.
There has been a fierce reaction from high school and university-aged students to new standardized testing policies, a lack of college enrolment places available to graduates, and new requirements for graduates to secure those places.
One student protesting in Paris on Tuesday, who gave only his first name, said he saw a “link” with the Yellow Vests over what he called “despair in the society.”
“On the part of students, we’re tired of not being listened to. There’s no chance to be listened to, we’re not being taken seriously. Our claims are not being taken seriously,” Dragan told Reuters. “The interest in the Yellow Vests is that if we go under the same banner, the more we are, the easier it will be to make each other heard and bring forward each other’s cause.”
Il primo giorno di proteste, il 17 novembre, sono scese a manifestare in tutto il paese circa 280mila persone che indossavano i gilet gialli. Una settimana dopo erano circa la metà. Ma una manifestazione a Parigi è degenerata quando alcune vetrine sono state distrutte sugli Champs-Elysées ed è stato dato fuoco ad alcune barricate. La plizia antisommossa ha disperso i manifestanti con cannoni ad acqua e gas lacrimogeni.
La Francia è abituata a manifestazioni di attivisti e all’uso dell’immaginario rivoluzionario: a una rotonda nel sud del paese i gilet gialli hanno portato una ghigliottina e un manichino di Macron. “Il giorno in cui il popolo ha preso d’assalto la Bastiglia non era chiaro quale fosse l’obiettivo”, ha dichiarato alla radio un deputato d’estrema sinistra. Ma la mancanza di una guida formale rende i gilet gialli imprevedibili e difficili da gestire.

‘Gilets Jaunes’ protest, Paris, France – 08 Dec 2018
Cosa vogliono: le rivendicazioni dei gilet gialli
Le rivendicazioni dei “giubbotti gialli” vanno oltre la questione dei prezzi del carburante, è ufficiale.
Oggi è lo stesso movimento a fornire un elenco delle priorità, tra cui l’aumento del reddito minimo (smic in francese) a 1300 euro netti, ritorno al pensionamento a 60 anni e l’abbandono della ritenuta d’acconto. Tutti interventi che sembrano ormai necessari anche per l’Italia e per tutte le altre nazioni dell’Unione Europea.
La lista comprende molte misure sociali, ma anche interventi relativi al trasporto, come lo stop all’aumento delle tasse sul carburante e l’introduzione di una tassa sull’olio combustibile e sul cherosene marino.
Ecco l’elenco delle più importanti richieste fatte direttamente dai gilet gialli:
• Zero poveri in strada: misura urgente
• Vantaggio progressivo sulle imposte
• Reddito minimo a 1300 euro netti
• Favorire i piccoli commerci delle città più piccole e del centro città per le metropoli. Contro i grandi centri commerciali
• Un piano per migliorare l’economia domestica dell’energia per salvaguardare l’ambiente
• Tasse: le grandi multinazionali devono pagare tanto, i piccoli commercianti poco.
• Stesso sistema di sicurezza sociale per tutti, compresi gli artigiani e i lavoratori autonomi
•Un sistema di pensioni sociale e sostenibile, niente pensione a punti
• Stop all’aumento delle tasse sul carburante
• Vietate le pensioni sotto i 1200 euro
• Qualsiasi rappresentante eletto avrà diritto al salario medio. Le spese di trasporto saranno monitorate e rimborsate se giustificate. Diritto ai buoni ristorante e buoni vacanza
• I salari di tutti i francesi, nonché delle pensioni e delle indennità devono tenere conto dell’inflazione
• Proteggere l’industria francese: proibendo il trasferimento all’estero.
• No al lavoro distaccato. È anormale che una persona che lavora in territorio francese non benefici dello stesso stipendio e degli stessi diritti.
• Per la sicurezza del lavoro: limitare ulteriormente il numero di contratti a tempo determinato per le grandi aziende. Vogliamo più tempi indeterminati.
• Fine del CICE. Usa questi soldi per il lancio di un’industria automobilistica francese ad idrogeno (che è veramente rispettosa dell’ambiente, a differenza della macchina elettrica).
• Fine della politica di austerità. Stiamo smettendo di rimborsare gli interessi sul debito dichiarato illegittimo e stiamo iniziando a rimborsare il debito senza prendere i soldi dai poveri e dai poveri, ma perseguendo gli $ 80 miliardi di evasione fiscale.
• Affrontare le cause della migrazione forzata.
• I richiedenti asilo sono trattati bene. Dobbiamo loro alloggio, sicurezza, cibo e istruzione per i minatori. Collaborare con l’ONU affinché i campi di accoglienza siano aperti in molti paesi del mondo, in attesa dell’esito della domanda di asilo.
• I richiedenti asilo non possono essere respinti nel loro paese di origine
• Implementare una vera politica di integrazione. Vivere in Francia significa diventare francese (corso di francese, corso di storia francese e corso di educazione civica con certificazione alla fine del corso)
• Salario massimo fissato a 15.000 euro
• Limitare la disoccupazione
• Aumento delle quote disabili nei posti di lavoro
• Limitazione del costo degli affitti. Più alloggi a basso costo (soprattutto per studenti e lavoratori precari).
• Divieto di vendere la proprietà statali(dighe, aeroporti)
• Mezzi migliori concessi al sistema giudiziario, alla polizia, alla gendarmeria e all’esercito. Che gli straordinari delle forze dell’ordine siano pagati o recuperati
• Tutto il denaro guadagnato dai pedaggi autostradali sarà utilizzato per la manutenzione di autostrade e strade in Francia e per la sicurezza stradale
• Poiché il prezzo del gas e dell’elettricità è aumentato per colpa della privatizzazione, vogliamo che diventi di nuovo pubblico e che i prezzi scendano in modo significativo
• Benessere per i nostri anziani. L’oro grigio è finito. Inizia l’era del benessere grigio
• Massimo 25 studenti per classe dalla scuola materna
• Risorse per la psichiatria
• Il referendum popolare deve entrare nella Costituzione
• Ritorno a un termine di 7 anni per il Presidente della Repubblica
• Pensionamento a 60 anni e, per tutti coloro che hanno avuto un lavoro manuale, diritto alla pensione a 55 anni
• Promuovere il trasporto di merci su rotaie
• Fine delle indennità presidenziali a vita
Quanto potranno durare dipende in parte dalla loro capacità a sopravvivere a un tentativo di trasformazione in un movimento più organizzato. Rivalità interne e obiettivi contrastanti potrebbero spaccare il movimento, e il sostegno pubblico potrebbe diminuire se il movimento si radicalizzasse. Questa settimana una delegazione ha incontrato il ministro dell’ambiente, François de Rugy. Ma la legittimità dei portavoce che stanno emergendo non è chiara.
Republica.it ; gulfnews.com ; qz.com
Who are the protesters?
The “gilets jaunes” (yellow vest) movement sprang up in late October against increases in fuel taxes announced as part of President Emmanuel Macron’s efforts to pay for clean energy initiatives.
While the protests began over fuel taxes, they have snowballed into a wider movement against Macron, largely among people in small-town and rural France.
Many accuse the former investment banker of being an arrogant “president of the rich” who is out of touch with the struggles of ordinary people in the provinces.
Donning the luminous safety vests French drivers are required to carry in their cars, the protesters have blocked motorways and petrol depots since their first Saturday of demonstrations on November 17.
Many have continued to man blockades since then, playing havoc with traffic and causing fuel shortages ahead of the busy holiday season.
Organisers have called protests every Saturday since, which degenerated last weekend into running battles with police in Paris, where more than 200 vehicles were burned and 412 people arrested.
What do they want?
Different protesters have different aims, and there is no widely recognised group of leaders for the grassroots movement which took root on social media.
Some remain focused on lowering fuel taxes and other financial burdens, saying low-income families in particular are paying the price for Macron’s push to reform and revive the French economy.
Others have made it personal and say Macron must resign, still fuming over his decision to cut taxes for the highest earners shortly after sweeping to the presidency last year.
An immediate increase in the minimum wage and pension benefits has also been a rallying cry.
Underpinning the movement is a widespread complaint that overlooked provincial workers on modest incomes barely scrape by after paying some of the highest tax bills in Europe.
An apolitical movement with members who vote for parties of various stripes, the “yellow vests” have won support from everyone from far-right leader Marine Le Pen to far-left firebrand Jean-Luc Melenchon.
Viral video
A video posted on Facebook on October 18 quickly goes viral. It shows a woman, Jacline Mouraud, addressing French President Emmanuel Macron – “Monsieur Macron”, she says – from her living room.
In it she lists the grievances of drivers in the face of the fuel price hike.
A petition to bring down the price of fuel is posted online.
Mass protests
Saturday, November 17 is the first day of road blockades across France with nearly 290,000 demonstrators wearing the fluorescent yellow vests motorists are required to carry in their cars.
The protests are spontaneous, and not organised by political parties or unions.
The next day Prime Minister Edouard Philippe says the government will not back down.
Violence breaks out in the French Indian Ocean island of La Reunion, led mainly by armed youths.
Second Saturday
The next protests take place the following Saturday, November 24. Thousands of demonstrators clash with police on the Champs-Elysees in Paris.
More than 106,000 demonstrators are recorded across France, including 8,000 in Paris. Revised official numbers count 166,000.
Aborted meeting
On November 27 Macron offers minor concessions, saying he would propose a mechanism to adjust the tax increases and calls for a three-month national consultation.
Unimpressed, the “yellow vests” call for a new protest on December 1 on the Champs-Elysees.
On November 29 Philippe meets a “yellow vest” protester. A day later two accept his invitation, but one walks out.
Chaos in Paris
The third day of protests takes place on Saturday, December 1 with widespread violence erupting particularly in Paris around the Arc de Triomphe and several upscale neighbourhoods.
The government says some 136,000 people protested across the country.
Crisis meetings
On his return from the G20 summit in Argentina, Macron immediately calls a crisis meeting at the Elysee Palace on December 2.
Philippe meets with political party leaders on December 3. “Yellow vests” representatives announce they will not go to a meeting with Philippe planned the following day – later cancelled – as some say they have received death threats.
Blockages of roads, shopping centres and fuel depots continue.
Seizing on the momentum from the protests, students start demonstrating over education reforms, disrupting dozens of high schools every day from December 3.